Dick and Carey's instructional design model

 

Dick and Carey's instructional design model

The Dick and Carey systems approach model was developed by Water Dick and Lou Carey. The Dick and Carey model is all about the relationship between educational content, context, learning behaviour and instructional technique. The Dick and Carey systems approach considers components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and the learning and performance environment. The nine steps of Dick and Carey's instructional design model are as follows: -

1.     Identifying goals and objectives: - The first step is to clarify goals and objectives. The learners must be aware of what will be able to do when complete the learning course, including the skills will develop and the knowledge will acquire.

2.     Conducting instructional analysis: - An instructional analysis is a set of procedures that help identify the skills and knowledge that should be included in instruction. Instructional analysis determines the current state of skills and knowledge in learning population. This can be assessed through interviews, surveys, observation or different forms of testing depending on the nature of the skills.

3.   Analyzing learners and context: - It is important to refer to the target population When identifying the learners and the context in which the learning will take place. The target population is the group of learners that are trying to reach in instruction.

4.     Writing performance objectives: - A performance objective is a description of what the learners will be able to do by the end of the unit of instruction. Performance objectives transform the needs and goals of the task into clear-cut objectives. Writing performance objective consists of three parts i.e., condition, behaviour and criteria.

5.  Developing assessment instruments: - Assessment instruments identify ways to assess progress during the learning process. Assessment should reflect the performance objective. It is important to consider the environment in which the assessments will take place, the response time needed by the learners, and the probability of guessing the correct answer.

6.  Developing an instructional strategy: - An instructional strategy is a variety of teaching and learning strategies. This may include group discussions, independent reading, lectures, computer simulations, worksheets, lab work, and much more. It should reflect analysis and use appropriate learning theories.

7.    Developing and selecting instructional materials: - The instructional materials contain the content. This can be either written information or facilitated by an instructor that the student will use to achieve the objectives. This may include students’ workbooks, textbooks, face to face, group based, facilitated or online learning materials.

8.    Designing and conducting formative evaluation: - This step is to develop and conduct formative evaluation. Formative evaluation is the process of collecting data and information during instruction that can be used to look at the effectiveness of instruction. Formative evaluation can be completed in many ways. This includes record analysis, interviews, observation of learners and discussion.

9.  Designing and conducting summative evaluation: -Summative evaluation is the process of collecting data that looks at the effectiveness of instruction as a whole. This evaluation determines the overall value of the instruction. Summative evaluation differs from formative evaluation. Formative evaluation identifies improvements needed during instruction, whereas summative evaluation identify strengths and improvements after instruction.

References

Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, Handbook I: The cognitive domain. David McKay Co Inc.

 Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2005). The systematic design of instruction. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.

Reiser, R. A., Reiser, R. A., & Dempsey, J. V. (2011). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology. Pearson.